Evaluation of the Sense of Taste and Smell in Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine if patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) have an impaired sense of smell or taste. Neurofibromin, the NF1gene protein product is ubiquitous in the body and is especially associated with the development of neurogenetic structures. Lately enlarged olfactory bulbs have been described in patients with NF1. Until now, there is no study to evaluate the sense of smell and taste in patients with NF1. METHOD: This study has been approved by the Hamburg Ethics committee. An evaluation of the sense of smell and taste was undertaken in 26 patients with NF1 using the Burghart Sniffin' Sticks. Three patients were excluded due to a prior infection with the Corona virus. As a control group the same examination was performed in healthy individuals (same sex/ same age as the NF1 patients) by the same examiner. RESULTS: The results show a normal sense of smell in patients with NF1. The morphologic finding of enlarged olfactory bulbs seem to have no functional equivalent. However, 8 out of 23 patients with NF1 had difficulties identifying at least one taste flavor. In total 9.8% of possible taste qualities were misidentified. In the healthy control group, all taste qualities were identified correctly. Considering each taste quality as separate case, a significant difference in the taste function was identified based on Fisher's exact test (p=0.003). CONCLUSION: The current study does not show a correlation between NF1 and an impaired sense of smell. Yet significant reduction in the sense of taste was found in the patients with NF1. Further research will have to be conducted to find the underlying causal pathways. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: NF1 is recently being acknowledged not only for its' macroscopic aesthetic and functional impairments, but also as a neurodevelopmental disorder. Evaluating the neural structures in regard to their function is a first step in understanding more about the disease.

COVID-19-associated Parotid Gland Abscess.

BACKGROUND: Human infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a pandemic characterized by a plethora of diseases, of which those affecting the internal organs and nervous system can have severe, life-threatening consequences. Among the manifestations of the disease at the viral entry site, diseases in oral mucosa adnexa are rarely reported. This case report describes a COVID-19-associated aggravating parotid gland disease. CASE REPORT: The 47-year-old, SARS-CoV-2-positive male patient, already hospitalized and now in need of ventilation, had been referred for intensive care treatment due to increasing respiratory problems. A unilateral swelling of the cheek was noticed, the cause of which was initially a parotid gland infection. Examination ruled out mechanical causes of the parotid gland. During further treatment, the patient developed a parotid abscess, which was drained extra orally. CONCLUSION: The oral cavity is primarily considered as a reservoir of the pathogen. There is an increasing number of reports detailing inflammation of the major salivary glands associated with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Knowledge of this association facilitates therapeutic decisions.

Tolerance of Human Fibroblasts to Benfo-Oxythiamine In Vitro.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the potential application of B-OT in the aspiration tract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conceived and optimized an in vitro model simulating the mouth-washing process to assess tolerance to B-OT on primary human gingival fibroblasts. Cells derived from 4 unrelated donors were flushed with medium containing drugs of various concentration for one minute twice daily for 3 days. RESULTS: No effect was seen on the cells up to 1000 µM B-OT. In addition, we treated the cells with B-OT permanently in medium, corresponding to a systemic treatment. No effect was seen by 10 µM B-OT and only a slight reduction (approximately 10%) was seen by 100 µM B-OT. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest good tolerance of oral cells for B-OT, favoring the further development of this antiviral reagent as a mouth-washing solution and nasal spray.